Effects of Intense Interval Exercise Activity on Muscle Injury Symptoms in Soccer Players

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

• Saeed Keshavarz ¹
• Baharak Moradi Kelardeh ²
• Mohammad Karimi ³

¹ Department of Sport Physiology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

² Department of Sport Physiology, Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University, Esfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Esfahan, Iran

³ Faculty of Sciences, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Football match is an interval sport, with intense explosive attempts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a bout of high- intensity interval exercise on muscle injury markers in male soccer players. Methods: Nineteen male soccer players with mean age: years; BMI: 21.80±2.44 kg.m-2 and VO2max 62.16±4.89 ml.kg-1.min-1 were selected purposefully and divided randomly into experimental and control groups. Copenhagen football test was taken from experimental group and control group had no activity at that time. 24 hours before and after the test, blood samples were drawn from all subjects to assay creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Data were analyzed using independent sample and paired sample t-tests (p≤0.05). Results: The results showed that serum CK (p=0.001) and LDH (p=0.021) levels increased significantly after the Copenhagen football protocol. Conclusion: intense interval sports activities, such as what happens in a football match, result in muscle damage in the players. Therefore, such exercises can be used for football players adaptation for the tournament and reduce the recovery time after that. Observing the increased markers of muscular damage due to Copenhagen soccer protocol, indicates that intensive interval exercise like whatever occurs in a soccer match, may lead to muscular damages in players.

Keywords

• Exercise
• Creatine Kinase
• Lactate Dehydrogenase
• Soccer

---

References

1. Silvestre JGO, Speretta GFF, Fabrizzi F, Moraes G, Duarte ACG de O, Silvestre JGO, et al. Acute effects of resistance exercise performed on ladder on energy metabolism, stress, and muscle damage in rats. Mot Rev Educ Física. 2016; 23: 1- 8.

2. Strøyer J, Hansen L KK. Physiological profile and activity pattern of young soccer players during match play. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2004; 36 (1): 168- 174.

3. Ekblom B. Applied physiology of soccer. Sport Med. 1986; 3 (1): 50- 60.

4. Vollaard NBJ, Shearman JP, Cooper CE. Exercise- induced oxidative stress. Sport Med. 2005; 35 (12): 1045 1062.

5. Gharahdaghi N, Kordi MR, Safaei M, Arabloueisani M. Adaptive responses of myofibrillar disruption symptoms to high intensity interval aerobic training in soccer players. J Am Sci. 2013; 9 (4S): 1- 8.

6. Juel C. Effect of high-intensity intermittent training on lactate and H+ release from human skeletal muscle. AJP Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 286 (2): 245E- 251.

7. Stadhouders AM, Jap PH, Winkler HP, Eppenberger HM, Wallimann T. Mitochondrial creatine kinase: a major constituent of pathological inclusions seen in mitochondrial myopathies. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1994; 91 (11): 5089- 5093.

8. Brancaccio P, Maffulli N, Limongelli FM. Creatine kinase monitoring in sport medicine. Br Med Bull. 2007; 81- 82 (1): 209- 230.

9. Barbosa D, Rodrigo C, Morandi F, Aurélio M, De Melo A, Silami-Garcia E. Creatine kinase kinetics in professional soccer players during a competitive season. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 2011; 13 (3): 189- 194.

10. Hadidi A, Kordi M, Hadidi V, Ramezani M, Shafiee A. Response of skeletal muscles damage markers to single bout of high intensity interval exercise in professional soccer players. Int Res J Appl Basic Sci. 2014; 8 (10): 1706- 1709.

11. Ljones K, Ness HO, Solvang-Garten K, Gaustad SE, Høydal MA. Acute exhaustive aerobic exercise training impair cardiomyocyte function and calcium handling in Sprague-Dawley rats. PLoS One. 2016; 8: 1- 18.

12. Farrell PA, Joyner MJ, Caiozzo VJ. American college of sports medicine. ACSM’s advanced exercise physiology. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.

13. Koukourakis MI, Giatromanolaki A, Sivridis E, Tumour and angiogenesis research group. lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 1 and 5: differential expression by neoplastic and stromal cells in non-small cell lung cancer and other epithelial malignant tumors. Tumour Biol. 2003; 24 (4): 199- 202.

14. Epstein Y. Clinical significance of serum creatine phosphokinase activity levels following exercise. Isr J Med Sci. 1995; 31 (11): 698- 689.

15. Bendiksen M, Bischoff R, Randers MB, Mohr M, Rollo I, Suetta C, et al. The copenhagen soccer test: physiological response and fatigue development. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012; 44 (8): 1595- 1603.

16. Rahnama N, Faramarzi M, Gaeini AA. Effects of intermittent exercise on cardiac troponin i and creatine kinase- MB. Int J Prev Med. 2011; 2 (1): 20- 23.

17. Bradley PS, Sheldon W, Wooster B, Olsen P, Boanas P, Krustrup P. High-intensity running in english FA premier league soccer matches. J Sports Sci. 2009; 27 (2): 159- 168.

18. Rodriguez NNR, Di Marco N, Langley S, DiMarco NM. American college of sports medicine, american dietetic association, and dietitians of canada joint position statement: nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009; 41 (3): 709- 731.

19. Zoppi CC, Hohl R, Silva FC, Lazarim FL, Neto J, Stancanneli M, et al. Vitamin C and E supplementation effects in professional soccer players under regular training. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2006; 3 (2): 37- 41.

20. Paddon-Jones D, Muthalib M, Jenkins D. The effects of a repeated bout of eccentric exercise on indices of muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness. J Sci Med Sport. 2000; 3 (1): 35- 43.

21. Bhagat A, Gupta S, Saxena J, Tandon HC, Rastogi D, Bhagat H. Effect of antioxidant supplementation and exercise training on serum enzymes after acute exhaustive exercise. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006; 50 (2): 191- 194.

22. Djordjevic B, Baralic I, Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Ivanisevic AS, Radivojevic N, Andjelkovic M, et al. Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on muscle damage and oxidative stress markers in elite young soccer players. J Sport Med Phys Fit. 2012; 52: 382- 392.

23.Finaud J, Lac G, Filaire E. Oxidative stress. Sport Med. 2006; 36 (4): 327- 358.

24. Saengsirisuwan V, Phadungkij S, Pholpramool C. Renal and liver functions and muscle injuries during training and after competition in Thai boxers. Br J Sports Med. 1998; 32 (4): 304- 308.

25. Williams CA, Kronfeld DS, Hess TM, Saker KE, Waldron JN, Crandell KM, et al. Antioxidant supplementation and subsequent oxidative stress of horses during an 80-km endurance race The online version of this article , along with updated information and services, is located on the world wide web at : antioxidant supplementation. J Anim Sci. 2004; 82: 588- 594.

26. Ascensão A, Rebelo A, Oliveira E, Marques F, Pereira L, Magalhães J. Biochemical impact of a soccer match- analysis of oxidative stress and muscle damage markers throughout recovery. Clin Biochem. 2008; 41 (10- 11): 841- 851.

27. Green HJ, Barr DJ, Fowles JR, Sandiford SD, Ouyang J. Malleability of human

skeletal muscle Na -K-ATPase pump with short-term training. J Appl Physilo. 2016; 97: 143- 148.

28. Yfanti C, Akerstrom T, Nielsen S, Nielsen AR, Mounier R, Mortensen OH, et al. Antioxidant supplementation does not alter endurance training adaptation. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2010; 42 (7): 1388- 1395.