Comparing the Effect of Aerobic Exercise with Different Intensities on FNDC5 Protein Level of Muscle Tissue in Obese Wistar Rats

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Toos Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran

2 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: A recent over expression model demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) regulates the expression of fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5); a novel myokine with a potential role in stimulating brown-fat-like development in white adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training with different intensities on FNDC5 protein in soleus muscle tissue of obese male Wistar rats. Methods: 24 adult rats (weight: 250 to 300 gr, BMI >30g/cm2) were divided into three groups: aerobic training with 70 to 75% Vo2max (moderate intensity), aerobic training with 80 to 85% Vo2max (high intensity) and, control group. All training groups carried out exercise training for 8 weeks running on treadmill (5 sessions/per-week for 60 min per session). After the training period, the level of FNDC5 protein was measured. Statistical test of ANOVA was used for data analysis to determine the difference between groups and post hoc test of Tukey was used for paired comparisons (p≤0.05). Results: The levels of FNDC5 in soleus muscle tissue in both moderate intensity and high intensity aerobic training group increased significantly (P=0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, increasing of FNDC5 as a result of eight weeks of moderate and high intensity aerobic training with moderate and high intensity, it seems that FNDC5 can mediate conversion of white to brown tissue and so affect losing weight and thermogenesis.

Keywords


1.   Boström P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP, Korde A, Ye L, Lo JC, et al. A PGC1-[agr]-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature. 2012; 481 (7382): 463- 468.
2.   Haas B, Schlinkert P, Mayer P, Eckstein N. Targeting adipose tissue. Diabetology Metab Synd. 2012; 4 (1): 43.
3.   Kurdiova T, Balaz M, Vician M, Maderova D, Vlcek M, Valkovic L, et al. Effects of obesity, diabetes and exercise on Fndc5 gene expression and irisin release in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: in vivo and in vitro studies. J Physiol. 2014; 592 (5): 1091- 1107.
4.   Kim HK, Jeong YJ, Song I-S, Noh YH, Seo KW, Kim M, et al. Glucocorticoid receptor positively regulates transcription of FNDC5 in the liver. Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 43296.
5.   Huh JY, Panagiotou G, Mougios V, Brinkoetter M, Vamvini MT, Schneider BE, et al. FNDC5 and irisin in humans: I. Predictors of circulating concentrations in serum and plasma and II. mRNA expression and circulating concentrations in response to weight loss and exercise. Metabolism J. 2012; 61 (12): 1725- 1738.
6.   Lee P, Linderman JD, Smith S, Brychta RJ, Wang J, Idelson C, et al. Irisin and FGF21 are cold-induced endocrine activators of brown fat function in humans. Cell Metab. 2014; 19 (2): 302- 309.
7.   Reisi J, Rajabi H, Ghaedi K, Marandi SM, Dehkhoda MR. Effect of acute resistance training on plasma irisin protein level and expression of muscle FNDC5 and adipose tissue UCP1 genes in male rats. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2013; 31 (256): 1657- 1666.
8.   Jafari M, Farzaneghi P. The Effect of a regular aerobic exercise combined with consuming Garlic extract on the rest levels of plasma irisin and FNDC5 of the heart tissues and muscles of aged rats. J UMP Social Sci Technol Manag. 2015; 3 (1): 286- 291.
9.   Bonafiglia JT, Edgett BA, Scribbans TD, Little JP, Gurd BJ. Examining the impact of different exercise protocols on PGC-1α and FNDC5 mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. FASEB J. 2017; 31 (1): lb736.
10. Timmons JA, Baar K, Davidsen PK, Atherton PJ. Is irisin a human exercise gene?. Nature. 2012; 488 (7413): E9- E10.
11. Hofmann T, Elbelt U, Stengel A. Irisin as a muscle-derived hormone stimulating thermogenesis–a critical update. Peptides. 2014; 54: 89- 100.
12. Albrecht E, Norheim F, Thiede B, Holen T, Ohashi T, Schering L, et al. Irisin–a myth rather than an exercise-inducible myokine. Sci Rep. 2015; 5: 8889.
13. Lee S, Farrar RP. Resistance training induces muscle-specific changes in muscle mass and function in rat. J Exercise Physiol Online. 2003; 6 (2): 80- 87.
14. Garekani ET, Mohebbi H, Kraemer RR, Fathi R. Exercise training intensity/volume affects plasma and tissue adiponectin concentrations in the male rat. Peptides. 2011; 32 (5): 1008- 1012.
15. Jashni HK, Mohebbi H, Delpasand A, Jahromy HK. Caloric restriction and exercise training, combined, not solely improve total plasma adiponectin and glucose homeostasis in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Sport Sci Health. 2015; 11 (1): 88- 86.
16. Shepherd R, Gollnick P. Oxygen uptake of rats at different work intensities. Pfluegers Archiv. 1976; 362 (3): 219- 222.
17. Liu J, Cui X, Yang Y, Gao W, Sun L, Dong Y, et al. Effects of high-intensity treadmill training on timeliness and plasticity expression of irisin in mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015; 19 (12): 2168- 2173.
18. Pekkala S, Wiklund PK, Hulmi JJ, Ahtiainen JP, Horttanainen M, Pöllänen E, et al. Are skeletal muscle FNDC5 gene expression and irisin release regulated by exercise and related to health?. J Physiol. 2013; 591 (21): 5393- 5400.
19. Czarkowska- Paczek B, Zendzian- Piotrowska M, Gala K, Sobol M, Paczek L. One session of exercise or endurance training does not influence serum levels of irisin in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014; 65 (3): 449- 454.
20. Shabalina IG, Petrovic N, de Jong JM, Kalinovich AV, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. UCP1 in brite/beige adipose tissue mitochondria is functionally thermogenic. Cell Rep. 2013; 5 (5): 1196- 1203.
21. Schnyder S, Handschin C. Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: PGC-1α, myokines and exercise. Bone. 2015; 80: 115- 125.